Borates III. Borate Glasses, Crystals & Melts:
Structure and Applications

Yanko B. Dimitriev and Adrian C. Wright

Proceedings of the Third International Conference, 4-9 July 1999, Sofia, Bulgaria
2000, A4 (296 × 210 mm), 286 pages, black and white illustrations
ISBN 0-900682-31-0
£60.00 (£50.00 SGT members)

Contents
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  Page
Foreword ix
EVGENII ALEXANDROVICH PORAI-KOSHITS: GLASS SCIENTIST EXTRAORDINAIRE
N.M. Vedishcheva (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia)
& A.C. Wright (University of Reading, UK)
xvii
A SUMMARY OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BORATE GLASSES, CRYSTALS, & MELTS
S.A. Feller (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA)
1
BORATE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY
S.K. Filatov (Sankt Petersburg State University, Russia)
& R.S. Bubnova (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia)
6
TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NONLINEAR CRYSTALLISED GLASSES WITH FERROELECTRIC LaBGeO5
Y. Takahashi, Y. Benino, V.V. Dimitrov & T. Komatsu (Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan) 
15
STRUCTURE–SUPERSTRUCTURE RELATIONSHIPS IN LITHIUM METABORATE
META-ALUMINATE COMPOUNDS
V. Psycharis (Institute of Materials Science, NCSR, Attiki, Greece) & G.D. Chryssikos
(Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece) 
 19
GLASSES AND CRYSTALLISED GLASSES IN THE BaO–B2O3–TiO2 SYSTEM
M. Cerchez, L. Boroica (National Glass Institute, Bucharest, Romania)
& D. Hülsenberg (Technical University Ilmenau, Germany) 
 23
SUPERIONIC BORATE GLASSES: MICROSTRUCTURE AND FRAGILITY OF
AgI–Ag2O–B2O3 GLASSES
T. Minami & M. Tatsumisago (Osaka Prefecture University, Japan) 
 27
MIXED CATION EFFECT IN xNa2O.(1-x)Ag2O.3B2O3 GLASSES: A STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
C.-P.E. Varsamis, E.I. Kamitsos & G.D. Chryssikos  (Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece)
 32
ALKALI BOROSILICATE SYSTEMS: PHASE DIAGRAMS AND PROPERTIES OF GLASSES
I.G. Polyakova (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia) 
 37
AN INVESTIGATION OF BISMUTH BORATE GLASS STRUCTURE USING LASER PHOTOIONISATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROSCOPY (Extended Abstract)
D. Stentz, S. Blair, C. Goater, S.A. Feller & M. Affatigato (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) 
 49
THE INFLUENCE OF FICTIVE TEMPERATURE ON THE STRUCTURE OF
BORATE GLASSES: A THERMODYNAMIC PREDICTION
N.M. Vedishcheva, B.A. Shakhmatkin (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia)
& A.C. Wright (University of Reading, UK) 
 50
SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES
PRODUCED BY THE BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION PROCESS
I. Dragieva, G. Ivanova, S. Bliznakov, E. Lefterova, Z. Stoynov
(Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Sofia, Bulgaria),
I. Markova & M. Pankova (University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 54
INTERFACIAL REACTIONS BETWEEN A LEAD BOROSILICATE GLASS
DIELECTRIC COATING AND AN Al/SiC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE
S.J. Ison, D. Holland (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK)
& R. Bushby (Structural Materials Centre, DERA Farnborough, UK) 
 57
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF BORATE GLASSES
A.N. Cormack & B. Park (New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, NY, USA) 
 62
A POSSIBLE NEW INTERPRETATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF BORATE GLASSES
P. Balta & D. Radu (University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Romania) 
 68
HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF VITREOUS B2O3
K. Suzuya, Y. Yoneda (SPring-8, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan),
S. Kohara (SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo Japan),
& N. Umesaki (Osaka National Research Institute, Japan) 
 72
INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF SUPERSTRUCTURAL
UNITS IN BORATE GLASSES AND CRYSTALLINE PHASES
R.N. Sinclair, C.E. Stone, A.C. Wright (University of Reading, UK),
I.G. Polyakova, N.M. Vedishcheva, B.A. Shakhmatkin (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia),
S.A. Feller, B.C. Johanson, P. Venhuizen, R.B. Williams (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA)
& A.C. Hannon (ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK)
 76
SHORT RANGE ORDER IN BORATE GLASSES INVESTIGATED BY X-RAY
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
G. Dalba, P. Fornasini (Università di Trento, Italy), F. Rocca (Centro CNR-ITC di Fisica
degli Stati Aggregati, Trento, Italy) & F. Monti (Università di Verona, Italy) 
 80
STRUCTURE OF PRESSURE COMPACTED VITREOUS BORON OXIDE
A.C. Wright, C.E. Stone, R.N. Sinclair (University of Reading, UK),
N. Umesaki, N. Kitamura (Osaka National Research Institute, Japan),
K. Ura (Osaka University, Japan), N. Ohtori (Niigata University, Japan)
& A.C. Hannon (ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK) 
 86
LOCAL ORDER OF V5+ IONS IN BORATE GLASSES INVESTIGATED BY EXAFS
T. Hübert, G. Mosel & M. Nofz
(Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany) 
 90
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF K2O–B2O3 MELTS AND GLASSES
N. Umesaki (Osaka National Research Institute, Japan),
Y. Kita, T. Iida (Osaka University, Japan), K. Handa (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan),
S. Kohara (Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan),
K. Suzuya (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan),
T. Fukunaga (Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan)
& M. Misawa (Niigata University, Japan) 
 94
X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MOLTEN BORATE GLASSES
G. Herms & J. Sakowski (Rostock University, Germany) 
 99
THERMAL ANNEALING EFFECTS IN PURE AND COPPER DOPED Na2O.4B2O3 GLASS
M.A. Popescu (National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania),
M.R. Leonovici, A. Ioanid & F. Iova (University of Bucharest, Romania) 
 103
THE BOROXOL RING FRACTION IN BORON TRIOXIDE GLASS
C.G. Joo, U. Werner-Zwanziger, & J.W. Zwanziger (Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA) 
 107
SYNTHESIS AND VIBRATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF LITHIUM MAGNESIUM METABORATE GLASSES
J.A. Kapoutsis, E.I. Kamitsos, G.D. Chryssikos (Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute,
National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens, Greece),
H.A. Feller, N. Lower, M. Affatigato & S.A. Feller (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) 
 111
CW-EPR, 1D-ESEEM, HYSCORE, PULSED ENDOR AND SCF-HF CALCULATIONS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF DEFECTS IN BORATE SYSTEMS
G. Kordas (Institute of Materials Science, National Center for Scientific Research “DEMOKRITOS,” Attikis, Greece) 
 115
EFFECT OF MELT ANNEALING ON THE MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD BORATE GLASSES
A. Khanna (Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India) 
 120
CHARACTERISATION OF THE (HALOGEN)3- MOLECULAR IONS FORMED IN ALKALI BORATE GLASSES CONTAINING ALKALI HALIDE
T. Harami, O. Hiramatsu & K. Handa (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan) 
 123
BORATE RAW MATERIALS
J.M. Simon (Borax Europe Ltd., Guildford, UK) & R.A. Smith (US Borax Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) 
 127
CHOICE BETWEEN ANHYDROUS BORAX AND BORAX HYDRATES
A.D. Puri (IMC Chemicals, Overland Park, KS, USA) 
 132
ADVANCES IN THE PROCESS OF FLOATING BOROSILICATE GLASSES AND SOME RECENT APPLICATIONS FOR SPECIALTY BOROSILICATE FLOAT GLASSES
T. Kloss, G. Lautenschläger & K. Schneider (Schott Jenaer Glas GmbH, Jena, Germany) 
 135
STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF BORATE GLASSES
D. Ehrt (Otto-Schott-Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany) 
 140
BOROSILICATE GLASSES FOR NUCLEAR WASTE IMMOBILISATION
M.J. Plodinec (Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA) 
 144
APPLICATIONS OF BORATE COMPOUNDS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CERAMIC GLAZES
S. Stefanov (Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 151
PREPARATION OF PRECIPITATED BATCH COMPOSITIONS FOR GLASS CERAMICS IN THE SYSTEM SiO2–Al2O3–Li2O–TiO2–B2O3–ZnO–MgO
K. Davkova, S. Zafirovski, S. Pocev & V. Zlatanovic
(University “St. Ciril and Methodius,” Skopje, Republicationsic of Macedonia) 
 155
PREPARATION OF RAW PORCELAIN GLAZES BASED ON NON-ALKALINE GLASS WASTE
S. Zafirovski, K. Davkova, S. Pocev & S. Bogoevski
(University “St.Ciril and Methodius,” Skopje, Republicationsic of Macedonia) 
 157
STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMISATION OF FRIT COMPOSITIONS
CONTAINING B2O3 FOR “MONOPOROSA” WALL TILE GLAZES
S. Djambazov & D. Damgaliev (University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 159
LOW MELTING BORATE-CONTAINING GLASSES FOR CAPACITOR CERAMICS
L. Pavlova & D. Lepkova (University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 162
BORATE AGRIGLASSES: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION
B. Samuneva, P. Bozadjiev, P. Djambaski & N. Rangelova
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 164
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF B2O3 GLASSES OBTAINED AT DIFFERENT COOLING RATES
M.A. Bursukova, E.P. Kashchieva, Y.Y. Ivanova & Y.B. Dimitriev
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 167
GLASS FORMATION IN THE SYSTEMS B2O3–CoO–PbO, B2O3–CoO–ZnO AND B2O3–CoO–Bi2O3
Y. Dimitriev, Y. Ivanova, M. Pochinkova, Y. Breichev & S. Stamenov
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 169
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM BOROVANADATE GLASSES RELATED TO ATOMIC ARRANGEMENT
H.A. Feller, A.R. Betzen, M. Affatigato & S.A. Feller (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) 
 171
XAFS STUDY OF THE LOCAL STRUCTURE OF (K2O–Al2O3).2B2O3 AND (CaO–Al2O3).2B2O3 GLASSES
K. Handa, M. Irie, H. Iwasaki (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan),
N. Ohtori (Niigata University, Japan) & N. Umesaki (Osaka National Research Institute, Japan) 
 175
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF GLASSES IN THE SYSTEMS B2O3–MnOm (M=Li, Ba, Zn)
Y.Y. Ivanova, E.P. Kashchieva & Y.B. Dimitriev
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 179
GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS IN THE SYSTEM P2O5–B2O3–Ag2O
B.T. Jivov, Y.B. Dimitriev, E.P. Kashchieva
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria)
& C.T. Petkov (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 182
NANOSTRUCTURED BORATE GLASS CERAMICS CONTAINING PbMoO4
E.P. Kashchieva, V.D. Ivanova, B.T. Jivov & Y.B. Dimitriev
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 185
A CW-EPR, FOUR-PULSE 1D-ESEEM, HYSCORE AND PULSED ENDOR SPECTROSCOPIC
STUDY OF THE TeO2–B2O3 SYSTEM
G. Kordas (Institute of Materials Science, National Center for Scientific Research “DEMOKRITOS,” Attikis, Greece) 
 188
GLASSES FROM THE SYSTEM AgI–AgO–TeO2.B2O3
E.D. Lefterova, P.V. Angelov (Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Sofia, Bulgaria)
& Y.B. Dimitriev (University of Chemical, Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 192
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM BOROGERMANATE GLASSES COMPARED WITH THE SODIUM BOROSILICATE SYSTEM
C.K. Ma, T.J. Kiczenski, J.L. McRae, M. Affatigato & S.A. Feller
(Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) 
 195
MD STUDY OF THE SHORT RANGE STRUCTURE OF RO.xB2O3 GLASSES: R = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; x=1, 2, 3 and 4
N. Ohtori, K. Takase, I. Akiyama (Niigata University, Japan)
K. Handa (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan), Y. Iwadate (Chiba University, Japan)
& N. Umesaki (Osaka National Research Institute, Japan) 
 199
ORGANIC–INORGANIC HYBRIDS CONTAINING B2O3
Y.B. Dimitriev, Y.Y. Ivanova M.G. Pankova, I.Z. Dimanov & S.G. Christov
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 203
TEM INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SIZE AND VOLUME DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE AgCl PHASE FORMED IN A MODEL SODIUM BORATE MELT (Abstract only)
R. Pascova (Institute of Physical Chemistry, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 206
KINETICS OF THE EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION OF BORON CONTAINING CHALGOGENIDE GLASSES
P.K. Petkov, S.B. Parvanov, Y.N. Nedeva & E.P. Kashchieva
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 207
STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF GLASSES IN THE SYSTEM BaO–Al2O3–B2O3
V.P. Klyuev & B.Z. Pevzner (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia) 
 210
GLASS FORMATION, CRYSTALLISATION AND SINTERING OF GLASS POWDERS IN THE SYSTEM BaO–R2O3–B2O3 (BaO/B2O3=1, R=Al, Ga)
B.Z. Pevzner & V.P. Klyuev (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia) 
 214
HELIUM PERMEABILITY OF ZnO–PbO–B2O3 VITREOUS AND GLASS CERAMIC COATINGS
B.Z. Pevzner & G.I. Niunin (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia) 
 217
STRUCTURE–DENSITY RELATIONSHIP FOR CRYSTALS AND GLASSES IN THE Rb2O–B2O3–SiO2 SYSTEM
R.S. Bubnova, I.G. Polyakova (Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia),
M.G. Krzhizhanovskaya, S.K. Filatov (Sankt Petersburg State University, Russia),
P. Paufler & D. Meyer (Dresden Technical University, Germany) 
 219
CHARACTERISATION AND RADIATION RESISTANCE OF A MIXED ALKALI BOROSILICATE GLASS FOR HIGH LEVEL WASTE VITRIFICATION
J.M. Roderick, D. Holland (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK)
& C.R. Scales (BNFL Plc, Sellafield, UK) 
 222
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF BOROSILICATE WASTE GLASSES (Abstract only)
B. Samuneva, P. Tzvetkova, Y. Ivanova & V. Dimitrov
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 226
LiB3O5 SINGLE CRYSTALS: GROWTH AND MAIN GROWTH DEFECTS (Extended Abstract)
D.P. Shumov (Central Laboratory of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 227
SOLVENTS IN THE BaO–B2O3 SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR THE GROWTH OF NdAl3(BO3)4 CRYSTALS
D.P. Shumov, (Central Laboratory of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 229
SHORT RANGE ORDER OF GLASSES IN THE SYSTEMS MnO–B2O3 and PbO–MnO–B2O3
A.D. Staneva, E.M. Gattef & Y.B. Dimitriev
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) 
 233
COMPARISON OF THE OPTICAL CUTOFFS OF BISMUTH BORATE AND BISMUTH GERMANATE GLASSES
D. Stentz, H.B. George, S.A. Feller & M. Affatigato (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) 
 236
THE STRUCTURE OF BISMUTH BORATE GLASSES
C.E. Stone, A.C. Wright, R.N. Sinclair (University of Reading, U.K.),
S.A. Feller, M. Affatigato, D.L. Hogan, N.D. Nelson, C. Vira (Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA., USA),
Y.B. Dimitriev, E.M. Gattef (University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria)
& D. Ehrt (Otto-Schott-Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany) 
 239
Author Index  243
Subject Index 245
Participants 251
Conference Sponsors 254


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